What is the primary purpose of a transformer?

The primary purpose of a transformer is to change the voltage level of an electrical signal. A transformer achieves this by using electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy between two or more coils, known as windings. When alternating current (AC) flows through one coil, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the second coil. This process can either increase (step-up transformer) or decrease (step-down transformer) the voltage level depending on the ratio of the number of turns in the windings.

This functionality is crucial in power distribution systems, where electricity generated at power plants is often at a high voltage to minimize energy loss over long distances. Transformers are used to adjust these voltage levels at various points in the distribution network to ensure that it is safe and usable for homes and businesses.