What type of modulation varies the frequency of the carrier according to the modulating signal?

Frequency modulation is the technique that varies the frequency of the carrier wave in accordance with the amplitude of the modulating signal. In this method, the instantaneous frequency of the carrier changes relative to the amplitude of the input signal, leading to differences in frequency rather than changes in amplitude or phase. This characteristic allows frequency modulation to provide better performance in terms of noise resistance compared to amplitude modulation, making it particularly useful for applications in broadcasting and communication systems where signal clarity is essential.

In addition to offering improved sound quality and resilience against interference, frequency modulation also allows for more efficient use of bandwidth and has the ability to carry more data than amplitude modulation. This makes it a popular choice for FM radio, television, and various forms of data communication.